B1+

Certainty & Deductions

Needn’t and its forms, past deduction, and expressing probability.

3 lessons·45 min

Needn't, don't need to, didn't need to, needn't have

Learn how to express lack of obligation in the present and past.

Past Modal Verbs of Deduction

Learn how to make deductions and guesses about the past using must have, might have, and can't have.

Probability without Modals: Likely, Bound, Definitely

Express how sure you are about the future using phrases and adverbs.